Hiroshima :: essays research papers

The biggest and bloodiest war ever fought on the face of the earth, World War II, was coming to a deadly end. The confederate forces were starting to run out of options and resources. The United States of America decided to unleash the most destructive force they had, the power of the atom. Many supporters of the Atomic Bomb regularize that even though it killed thousands in Japan, it saved millions more everywhere else.For the number of supporters of the neglect there were that many more skeptics that believed the atom bomb would never work. both(prenominal) reasons that contributed to this theory were that it was so complex that someone working on it do a mis commence somewhere. unmatchable of the major skeptics of the atomic bomb was Albert Einstein himself, which made many more people become skeptical. (Hiroshima 1998)The pilot that dropped the atomic bomb was Colonel Paul Tibbets of the 509th Bomber squadron (James Chan Hiroshima 1997) and he was flying the Enola Gay, whi ch was named after his mother and was a B-29-45-MD overseer fortress. (Peter Wyden Day One 1984)It was 245 A.M. when the Enola Gay took off, after it got going it was flying at a ground speed of 330 M.P.H. The flight was going to take six and a half hours until they reached Hiroshima on the Honshu Island on Japan (U.S. National Archives Hiroshima 1999). Even though the crew knew their destination, Hiroshima, their target, the iota T-bridge, and that they were dropping a bomb, they didnt know that it was an atomic bomb that would take out almost the entire city. (Peter Wyden Day One 1984)The name of the Bomb was named the Little Boy and it weighed 10,000 lbs. 137.5 of that was pure Uranium. When the bomb detonated the Uranium split into two and it started a fission chain reaction (Hiroshima 1998). The fireball created by the bomb was equal to six and a half heaps of TNT. The heat in the hypocenter reached upwards to 3000 degrees Celsius (James Chan Hiroshima 1997). Within a mile of the blast fences, railroad ties and trees ignited from the heat. In the hypocenter iron melted and 900 feet from the hypocenter granite melted (Peter Wyden Day One 1984). The bomb was detonated at approximately 915 a.m. on August 6, 1945. Seen from five and a half miles away the explosion was 10 times as bright as the sun (James Chan Hiroshima 1997).

Legacy and Respect: The Usefulness of Feminism Essay -- Gender Sexuali

Legacy and Respect The Usefulness of FeminismIn a letter to students who participate in Bryn Mawr and Haverford Colleges bi-college Feminist and sex activity Studies department, Head of the Department Anne Dalke outlined an argument in favor of changing the programs name. She wrote, Our argument for re-naming the F&GS program Gender and Sexuality is based on 3 claims 1. that it will be enticing for prospective and current students and faculty, because it names their personal and intellectual interests and investments (while avoiding the word feminist movement, which is off-putting to a large range of individuals)2. that it accurately represents the current state of scholarship in the field3. that it accurately names--and invites exploration of--where the interesting questions lie. At the date in which this argumentation was composed last April, I probably would have agreed with its relevancy and reasoning. I no longer accept this line of thinking, however, due to my education and interlocking in Annes co-taught class I am taking this semester, Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Gender. It is ironic that I began my study of gender four years ago as a freshman vehemently against feminism, and only now as a senior taking the only class required for every major or concentrator in that field have I come to appreciate the legacy and usefulness of feminism as a theory of practice and of education. My original concepts of feminism were that it was a theory that denounced men and elevated women beyond a fair or equitable place in society. I recognize now the stereotyping that I inadvertently allowed myself to feel. Equating feminist struggle with living in a counter-cultural, woman-centered world erected barriers that closed... ...of a more perfect understanding.Works CitedDalke, Anne. Re-Naming the Feminist & Gender Studies slow-wittedness An Account of the Past Process of Deliberation--and a Sketch Towards the Future. CAP doc. April 14, 2004Fuss, Diana. Inside/Ou t. Critical Encounters Reference and Responsibility in Deconstructive Writing. New Brunswick Rutgers University Press, 1995. 233-240.hooks, bell. Feminism A gallery to End Sexist Oppression. Feminist surmise Reader. Ed. Caroline McCann and Seung-Kyung Kim. New York Routledge. 2003, 50-57.Johnson, Allan G. The Gender Knot Unraveling our Patriarchal Legacy. Philadelphia Temple University Press. 1997.Rubin, Gail. Thinking Sex Notes for a Radical Theory of the Politics of Sexuality. American Feminist Thought at Centurys End A Reader. Ed. Linda S. Kauffman Cambridge, Ma Blackwell, 1993. 3-64.

Leonard Peltier Should be Released from Prison Essay -- Argumentative

Leonard Peltier is currently serving time in the Leavenworth federal penitentiary for the shooting deaths of two Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) agents. check to FBI documents, at around 1150 A.M. on June 26th, 1975, agents Jack Color and Ron Williams were supposedly searching for Jimmy Eagle, a thief wanted for stealing a dyad of cowboy boots. The agents encroached on the Jumping Bull Compound in Oglala, S forthh Dakota of the Pine Ridge reservation, in two separate vehicles that no iodin could concede (Incident). In this area, there were several members of the American Indian Movement (AIM). After the intrusion of the agents, someone-and it is unsure who-fired a shot and a shoot out began. By the end of the shoot out at Pine Ridge, Williams, Color, and one AIM activist, Joe Stuntz Killsright, were dead (Incident). Peltier was one of the AIM members at the Jumping Bull Compound, and ultimately he was charged and convicted on murder charges. There is a great controversy surrounding the Peltier case. A large contingency of both domestic and world-wide citizens and organizations look that Peltier has been wrongly convicted, while the Federal Bureau of Investigation and other government authorities here feel as justice was served. Leonard Peltier should be released from prison house via administrator Clemency because the evidence that he was convicted under was inconclusive and insufficient to warrant a conviction, the FBI committed many acts of misconduct when pursuing Peltier as fugitive from justice and exhausting to extradite him from Canada, and his trial was unfair. As an individual committed to social justice, human solidarity, and the liberation of the people, this case is of great interest to me since it is a prime role model of the ri... ...ight be lying or covering up something, or even just being far too zealous and unprofessional, is rejected a priori because of the cognitive discord it causes in the individual that believes in th e FBI. Most people that push for Peltiers guilt simply dont look honestly and objectively (or at least as objectively as possible) at the evidence.Leonard Peltier, currently serving his twenty- fourth year of prison, should be immediately released. As I have shown, there is much presumable interrogation as to whether or not he committed this crime. The hard evidence is minimal to non-existent against him, he was illegally extradited from Canada on perjured affidavits, and his trial was unfair since it was in a hostile setting and the actions of the court seemed biased. While there is no wakeless reason to keep him in prison, there are several good ones for let him out. Leonard Peltier Should be Released from Prison Essay -- Argumentative Leonard Peltier is currently serving time in the Leavenworth federal penitentiary for the shooting deaths of two Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) agents. According to FBI documents, at around 1150 A.M. on June 26th, 1975, a gents Jack Color and Ron Williams were supposedly searching for Jimmy Eagle, a thief wanted for stealing a pair of cowboy boots. The agents encroached on the Jumping Bull Compound in Oglala, South Dakota of the Pine Ridge reservation, in two separate vehicles that no one could recognize (Incident). In this area, there were several members of the American Indian Movement (AIM). After the intrusion of the agents, someone-and it is unsure who-fired a shot and a shoot out began. By the end of the shoot out at Pine Ridge, Williams, Color, and one AIM activist, Joe Stuntz Killsright, were dead (Incident). Peltier was one of the AIM members at the Jumping Bull Compound, and ultimately he was charged and convicted on murder charges. There is a great controversy surrounding the Peltier case. A large contingency of both domestic and international citizens and organizations feel that Peltier has been wrongly convicted, while the Federal Bureau of Investigation and other government authorities here feel as justice was served. Leonard Peltier should be released from prison via Executive Clemency because the evidence that he was convicted under was inconclusive and insufficient to warrant a conviction, the FBI committed many acts of misconduct when pursuing Peltier as fugitive and trying to extradite him from Canada, and his trial was unfair. As an individual committed to social justice, human solidarity, and the liberation of the people, this case is of great interest to me since it is a prime example of the ri... ...ight be lying or covering up something, or even just being far too zealous and unprofessional, is rejected a priori because of the cognitive dissonance it causes in the individual that believes in the FBI. Most people that push for Peltiers guilt simply dont look honestly and objectively (or at least as objectively as possible) at the evidence.Leonard Peltier, currently serving his twenty- fourth year of prison, should be immediately released. As I have shown , there is much reasonable doubt as to whether or not he committed this crime. The hard evidence is minimal to non-existent against him, he was illegally extradited from Canada on perjured affidavits, and his trial was unfair since it was in a hostile setting and the actions of the court seemed biased. While there is no good reason to keep him in prison, there are several good ones for letting him out.

The Importance of Judicial Review Essay -- American Government Constit

By creating a Constitution, it is assumed that the people are going to agree to it as the law of the land. The Supreme tribunal is responsible for(p) for upholding the Constitution by interpreting the laws for the benefit of the people. The justices would be violating their oath if they were to oblige this obligation. If the Constitution were not the law of the land, why would it exist? This is the justification for juridical reexamine, or the right of the court to declare legislative or executive un inbuilt. The Constitution states in article III, section 2 that, The juridic power sh whole blend to all cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority. (Shafritz and Weinberg 16). Therefore, discriminatory review is an implied power that determines whether or not legislation is constitutional and is indispensable for the protection of the Constitutional rights of the people . The judiciary is not a representation of a particular party as it is in the legislative and executive branches. Although justices live to diverse parties and they may have views determined by their political beliefs, the role of a justice is to carefully determine and interpret laws based on the Constitution. To do this, they must(prenominal) provide legitimate reason to defend their decisions and therefore, judicial review is beneficial for a successful nation. As a result of Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme court of justice plunge that it did not have jurisdiction over the case and therefore could not issue a writ of mandamus. This is the first instance of judicial review by the Supreme Court. Regarding judicial review, Chief Justice John Marshall wrote in his opinion that, It is empha... ...es his point by saying that it does not specify the finis of those powers. Personally, I believe that judicial review is a necessity in order to preserve the constitution. Thus, I disa gree with Gibsons opinion. Although I understand the depicted object of his nomenclature and why he believes them, but I think a very specific power such as judicial review is inevitable to control the other branches. The judiciary cannot abuse the power but the legislative and executive branches can create laws that are abusive to the powers given to them by the constitution. This is why judicial review is a necessity. Works CitedEpstein, Lee, and Walker, Thomas. Constitutional Law for a Changing America Institutional Powers and Constraints. Washington, D.C. CQ, 2007Shafritz, Jay M., and Lee S. Weinberg. Classics in American Government. Belmont, CA Thomson/Wadsworth, 2006. The Importance of Judicial Review Essay -- American Government ConstitBy creating a Constitution, it is assumed that the people are going to agree to it as the law of the land. The Supreme Court is responsible for upholding the Constitution by interpreting the laws for the benefit of the peo ple. The justices would be violating their oath if they were to oblige this obligation. If the Constitution were not the law of the land, why would it exist? This is the justification for judicial review, or the right of the court to declare legislative or executive unconstitutional. The Constitution states in article III, section 2 that, The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority. (Shafritz and Weinberg 16). Therefore, Judicial review is an implied power that determines whether or not legislation is constitutional and is necessary for the protection of the Constitutional rights of the people. The judiciary is not a representation of a particular party as it is in the legislative and executive branches. Although justices belong to different parties and they may have views determined by their political beliefs, the role of a justice is to carefully determine and interpret laws based on the Constitution. To do this, they must provide legitimate reason to defend their decisions and therefore, judicial review is beneficial for a successful nation. As a result of Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court found that it did not have jurisdiction over the case and therefore could not issue a writ of mandamus. This is the first instance of judicial review by the Supreme Court. Regarding judicial review, Chief Justice John Marshall wrote in his opinion that, It is empha... ...es his point by saying that it does not specify the extent of those powers. Personally, I believe that judicial review is a necessity in order to preserve the constitution. Thus, I disagree with Gibsons opinion. Although I understand the content of his words and why he believes them, but I think a very specific power such as judicial review is necessary to check the other branches. The judiciary cannot abuse the power but the legislative and executive b ranches can create laws that are abusive to the powers given to them by the constitution. This is why judicial review is a necessity. Works CitedEpstein, Lee, and Walker, Thomas. Constitutional Law for a Changing America Institutional Powers and Constraints. Washington, D.C. CQ, 2007Shafritz, Jay M., and Lee S. Weinberg. Classics in American Government. Belmont, CA Thomson/Wadsworth, 2006.

Cherokee Indians Essay example -- essays research papers

The Removal of the CherokeesAfter Englands acceptance of the terms of the peace do with France and Spain in 1763, in which France gave Louisiana to Spain, the grants formerly made to the six English colonies were considered good only to the Mississippi River. During the American Revolution and in brief in that respect after these former colonies were considered good only to the Mississippi River. During the American Revolution and soon thereafter these former colonies, now states of the Union throw in the toweld their unoccupied western lands to the government of the United States, thereby establishing the so-called public domain. Of these states, the last to cede its western lands was atomic number 31, which in 1802 surrendered all claim to land included in the present states of Alabama and Mississippi. This cession was made by what was known as the Georgia Compact. It also provided that the United States should at its own expense extinguish for the use of Georgia the Indian ti tle to all lands within the state as soon as it could be done peaceably and upon reasonable terms. The purchase of Louisiana the following year placed the United States in possession of a outsize amount of territory It seemed reasonable, at least to the white man, that these Georgia Indians, mainly the Cherokees and Creeks, might be induced to move. One reason given by chairperson Jefferson for this purchase was that it would make a suitable area for a untested home for large tribes east of the Mississippi owning fertile lands needed for settlement by the whites. Years earlier some parties of Cherokees had crossed the Mississippi and had gone into what is now northwestern Arkansas because of the abundance of game in that region. Some of them had settled there more or less permanently, and from time to time others came out to join them. President Jefferson believed that others, or perhaps the entire tribe, might be induced to emigrate to the West. The year following the treaty fo r the purchase of Louisiana he instructed officials of the United States government residing in the Cherokee Nation to approach the chiefs and head men of the tribe with the innuendo that the Cherokees exchange their lands in Georgia for others beyond the Mississippi. The officials reported to the President, however, that the Indians showed no sympathy with the proposal and had expressed themselves as determined to retain their lands and remain i... ...te shall be form within the limits of another state without the consent of the latter as well as of Congress. It was asserted that the Cherokees had, in adopting a constitution, sought to form a new state within the limits of Georgia. The President promptly asked Congress to provide for an investigation of this purported Indian state and for "arresting its designs". The first Cherokee principal chief chosen to a lower place the terms of the new constitution was William Hicks, the brother of the beloved Chief Charles Hicks, who had authored the constatution but had died in January of 1827. William served but a short time, and in 1828 he was succeeded by antic Ross who had been a protg of Charles Hicks for several geezerhood. Ross was only one eighth Cherokee and the rest Scottish, but he had been born and reared among the Cherokees, to whom he was deeply devoted. Well educated, with a appreciation mind and rare ability as a statesman, he served almost continuously as principal chief until his death nearly forty years later. During all these years he wielded a powerful influence in the affairs of the tribe his life story during this long period is virtually a history of the Cherokee people.

Cherokee Indians Essay example -- essays research papers

The Removal of the CherokeesAfter Englands acceptance of the terms of the peace made with France and Spain in 1763, in which France gave Louisiana to Spain, the grants formerly made to the six English colonies were considered good only to the Mississippi River. During the American Revolution and in short there after these former colonies were considered good only to the Mississippi River. During the American Revolution and soon thereafter these former colonies, now states of the Union ceded their unoccupied western lands to the government of the united States, thereby establishing the so-called public domain. Of these states, the last to cede its western lands was Georgia, which in 1802 surrendered all claim to land included in the present states of Alabama and Mississippi. This cession was made by what was known as the Georgia Compact. It also provided that the United States should at its own expense extinguish for the use of Georgia the Indian title to all lands at heart the st ate as soon as it could be done peaceably and upon reasonable terms. The purchase of Louisiana the next year placed the United States in possession of a large amount of territorial dominion It seemed reasonable, at least to the white man, that these Georgia Indians, mainly the Cherokees and Creeks, might be induced to move. One reason given by President Jefferson for this purchase was that it would fuck off a suitable area for a stark naked home for large tribes east of the Mississippi owning fertile lands needed for settlement by the whites. Years earlier some parties of Cherokees had crossed the Mississippi and had gone into what is now northwestern Arkansas because of the abundance of game in that region. Some of them had settled there more or less permanently, and from time to time others came out to join them. President Jefferson believed that others, or perhaps the entire tribe, might be induced to migrate to the West. The year following the treaty for the purchase of Loui siana he instructed officials of the United States government residing in the Cherokee Nation to approach the chiefs and head men of the tribe with the suggestion that the Cherokees exchange their lands in Georgia for others beyond the Mississippi. The officials reported to the President, however, that the Indians showed no sympathy with the proposal and had expressed themselves as determined to retain their lands and remain i... ...te shall be formed within the limits of another(prenominal) state without the consent of the latter as well as of Congress. It was asserted that the Cherokees had, in adopting a constitution, sought to form a new state within the limits of Georgia. The President promptly asked Congress to provide for an investigation of this purported Indian state and for "arresting its designs". The first Cherokee principal chief chosen under the terms of the new constitution was William Hicks, the brother of the beloved Chief Charles Hicks, who had authored th e constatution but had died in January of 1827. William served but a short time, and in 1828 he was succeeded by John Ross who had been a protg of Charles Hicks for several years. Ross was only one eighth Cherokee and the rest Scottish, but he had been born and reared among the Cherokees, to whom he was deeply devoted. Well educated, with a keep mind and out of date ability as a statesman, he served almost continuously as principal chief until his death nearly forty years later. During all these years he wielded a powerful influence in the affairs of the tribe his life story during this long period is virtually a history of the Cherokee people.